This can strengthen the creation of first-tier global transport and communication networks that connect global megacities. accountancy, advertising, banking and finance, and law) that select cities in terms of their primacy. This connectivity is also apparent in the advanced service sector (e.g. Global cities are generally open to trade and typically strive for high regional and international connectivity by air, sea, and other transport means such as rail or barge. To overcome the challenges of expanding urban structures, such as congestion and emissions, megacities focus on innovation in terms of governance models, cooperation schemes, and technological solutions, for example, in the field of urban (public) transport and logistics systems. Cities are the centers of knowledge, innovation, and specialization of production and services. Worlds Largest Coastal Cities 2015 Global Network Connectivities Index 2016Ĭities provide large efficiency benefits, which result in gains in productivity and competitiveness. A metropolitan area includes urban agglomerations and surrounding areas of lower density under the direct influence of the city. Population estimates and predictions indicate the strong growth of metropolitan areas around the world due to increased urbanization. Therefore, the importance of city regions will continue to grow, particularly since more than half of the cities and urban populations are within 100 km of a coastline. At present, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, with two-thirds of the world population expected to be living in urban areas by 2050. Corporations look to capitalize on new opportunities while managing their exposure in rapidly developing markets. Intra-regional trade and reliance on hub cities continue to play a strong role in facilitating global trade flows. Due to significant technological and economic changes, abandoned port areas have been subject to waterfront redevelopment. Divergence can be observed between a port and its city, leading to conflicts over its role and function. Ports are part of a complex urban setting as they provide important economic opportunities, such as access to global supply chains.
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